fellow

Ahmed El Shamsy

2025-2026
Home institution
University of Chicago
Country of origin (home institution)
United States
Discipline(s)
History of ideas Medieval history Religious sciences
Theme(s)
Identity Religion
Fellowship dates
Biography

Ahmed El Shamsy studies the intellectual history of Islam, focusing on the evolution of the classical Islamic disciplines and scholarly culture within their broader historical context. His research addresses themes such as orality and literacy, the history of the book, and the theory and practice of Islamic law.

El Shamsy’s first book, The Canonization of Islamic Law: A Social and Intellectual History, traces the transformation of Islamic law from a primarily oral tradition to a systematic written discipline in the eighth and ninth centuries. In his second book, Rediscovering the Islamic Classics: How Editors and Print Culture Transformed an Intellectual Tradition, he shows how Arab editors and intellectuals  in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries used the newly adopted medium of printing to rescue classical Arabic texts from oblivion and to popularize them as the classics of Islamic thought. Other recent research projects investigate the interplay of Islam with other religious and philosophical traditions, for example by exploring the influence of the Greek sage Galen on Islamic thought and the construction of a distinct self-identity among early Muslims.

El Shamsy teaches courses and supervises student research on all aspects of classical Islamic thought. He is an associated (non-supervising) faculty member at the Divinity School.

Research Project
The Early History of Sunni Islam

Research question: How did Sunnism emerge as a coherent confessional identity, and how did it both reflect and shape its adherents’ views of history, politics, and theology?

The academic study of Islam classifies the vast majority of Muslims today as Sunnis. But many of these Muslims do not necessarily identify themselves as such, nor is the classification based on a robust definition of what a Sunni is, or even what kind of a phenomenon Sunnism represents. Is it a theology? An attitude toward politics and religion? An affiliation with one of the four “Sunni” schools of Islamic law? Or simply a residual category for Muslims who do not fit any other, better-defined category? Does Sunnism constitute a sect or a denomination? Do such terms even make sense when applied to a religious landscape that has no centralized authority comparable to a church?

The goal of Ahmed El Shamsy’s project is not to define the boundaries of “true” Sunnism but rather to reconstruct what Sunnism meant in particular times and places, especially to those who used the label to describe themselves. Focusing on the hitherto sidelined early history of Sunnism is crucial for understanding Sunnism as a whole, because it renders intelligible the continuing debates and tensions among later Sunnis as they grappled with the task of harmonizing their discordant heritage.
 

Research Interests:

Early Sunnism and sectarian formation; Islamic identity and classification; history of Sunni thought; decentralized religious authority; Islamic intellectual history; Islamic History and Civilization; Islamic Thought